Proletarians of all countries, unite!
I. ON MARXISM-LENINISM-MAOISM
In the crucible of class struggle, the ideology of the international proletariat upsurged as Marxism, afterwards developed into Marxism-Leninism and later Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. Therefore, the all-powerful, scientific ideology of the proletariat (all-powerful because it is true) has three stages, moments or milestones in its dialectical process of development: 1) Marxism, 2) Leninism, and 3) Maoism. These three stages are part of the same unity which began with the Manifesto one hundred and forty years ago, with the most heroic epic of the class struggle, in fierce and fruitful two-line struggles within the Communist Parties themselves and in the immense work of those titans of thought and action that only the working class could generate, highlighting three unfading lights: Marx, Lenin, and Mao Tse-tung who through three grand leaps have armed us with the invincible ideology of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, which today is principally Maoism.
Nevertheless, while Marxism-Leninism has achieved recognition of its universal validity, Maoism is not completely acknowledged as the third stage. Some simply deny its condition as such, while others only accept it as "Mao Tse-tung Thought." In essence, both positions, with the obvious differences between them, negate the general development of Marxism made by Chairman Mao Tse-tung. To not recognize the "ism" character of Maoism negates its universal validity and, consequently, its condition as the third, new, and superior stage of the ideology of the international proletariat: Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, principally Maoism, that we uphold, defend, and apply.
As an INTRODUCTION, in order to better understand Maoism and the necessity to struggle for it, let us recall Lenin. He taught us that as the revolution advanced to the East it expressed specific conditions that, while they did not negate principles or laws, were new situations that Marxism could not ignore, without putting the revolution in danger of a defeat. Notwithstanding the uproar against what is new by pedantic and bookish intellectuals, who are stuffed with liberalism and false Marxism, the only just and correct thing to do is to apply Marxism to the concrete conditions and to solve the new situations and problems that every revolution necessarily faces. In the face of the horrified and pharisaic "defenses of the ideology, the class, and of the people" that revisionists, opportunists and renegades proclaim, or the furious and blind attacks against Marxism by brutalized academicians and hacks of the old order who are debased by rotten bourgeois ideology and who are prepared to defend the old society on which they are parasites. Furthermore, Lenin expressly said that the revolution in the East would present new and great surprises to the greater amazement of those who worship following only the familiar paths and who are incapable of seeing the new. And, as we all know, he trusted the Eastern comrades to resolve the problems that Marxism had not yet resolved.
Furthermore, we must keep well in mind that when Comrade Stalin justly and correctly stated that we had entered the stage of Leninism as the development of Marxism, there was also opposition by those who rend their garments in a supposed defense of Marxism. We must also be very mindful that there were also those who said that Leninism was only applicable to the backward countries. But, in the midst of struggle, practice has consecrated Leninism as a great development of Marxism, and thus the proletarian ideology shone victoriously before the world as Marxism-Leninism.
Today, Maoism faces similar situations. All new things, like Marxism, have always advanced through struggle, and similarly, Maoism will impose itself and be acknowledged.
As for the CONTEXT in which Chairman Mao Tse-tung developed and Maoism was forged, on an international level it was on the basis of imperialism, world wars, the international proletarian movement, the national liberation movement, the struggle between Marxism and revisionism, and the restoration of capitalism in the USSR. Three big historical landmarks must be emphasized in the present century: First, the October Revolution of 1917, which opened the era of the world proletarian revolution; second, the triumph of the Chinese Revolution in 1949, which changed the correlation of forces in favor of socialism; and third, the great proletarian cultural revolution, initiated in 1966 as the continuation of the revolution under the proletarian dictatorship in order to maintain the revolutionary course towards Communism. It is enough to highlight that Chairman Mao led two of these glorious historical feats.
In China, where Maoism was concretized within the center of world revolution, within the most complex convergence of contradictions and the intense and ruthless class struggle which was stamped by the pretensions of the imperialist powers of tearing and dividing up China, the collapse of the Manchurian Empire (1911), the anti-imperialist movement of 1919, the rebellions of the great peasant masses, the twenty-two years of armed struggle of the democratic revolution, the great contest for the construction and development of socialism and the ten years of revolutionary storms to carry forward the Cultural Revolution, in the midst of the most acute two-line struggle within the Communist Party of China, especially against revisionism. All this was framed within the international situation described above. It is out of all these historical events that we should extract four events of extraordinary importance: The founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921; the Autumn Harvest Uprising which initiated the path from the countryside to the city, in 1927; the founding of the People's Republic, 1949; and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR), from 1966-1976; in all of which Chairman Mao was a protagonist and principally the highest leader, the acknowledged Great Leader of the Chinese Revolution.
We can say from Chairman Mao Tse-tung's biography that he was born on December 26, 1893, opening his eyes to an agitated world scorched by the flames of war; the son of peasants, he was seven years old when "Boxer Rebellion" began; a student at a Teachers' Training College, he was in his eighteenth year when the empire collapsed and he enlisted himself as a soldier, later becoming a great organizer of peasants and of the youth in Hunan, his native province. Founder of the Communist Party and of the Red Army of workers and peasants, he established the path of surrounding the cities from the countryside developing people's war as the military theory of the proletariat. Theoretician of New Democracy and founder of the People's Republic; an initiator of the Great Leap Forward and promoter of the development of socialism; the leader of the struggle against the modern revisionism of Khrushchev and his henchmen, Great Leader and head of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. These are landmarks of a life devoted thoroughly and solely to the revolution. The proletariat has seen three gigantic triumphs in this century: Two of them belong to Chairman Mao, and if one is glory enough, two are even more so.
On the CONTENT of Maoism, obviously the substantial part
of it, we must point out the following basic questions:
1. Theory. Marxism has three parts: Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy, and scientific socialism. The development of all these three components gives rise to a great qualitative leap of Marxism as a whole, as a unity on a superior level that implies a new stage. Consequently, the essential thing is to show that Chairman Mao, as can be seen in theory and practice, has generated just such a great qualitative leap. Let us highlight this with the following points:
In Marxist philosophy he developed the heart of dialectics, the law of contradiction, establishing it as the sole fundamental law. Besides his profound dialectical understanding of the theory of knowledge, whose center is the two leaps that make up its law (from practice to knowledge and vice versa, but with knowledge to practice being the main one), we emphasize that he masterfully applied the law of contradiction in politics; moreover he brought philosophy to the masses, fulfilling the task that Marx left.
In Marxist political economy, Chairman Mao applied dialectics to analyze the relationship between the base and superstructure, and, continuing the struggle of Marxism-Leninism against the revisionist thesis of the "productive forces," he concluded that the superstructure, consciousness, can modify the base, and that with political power the productive forces can be developed. By developing the Leninist idea that politics is the concentrated expression of economics, he established that politics must be in command, (applicable on all levels) and that political work is the lifeline of economic work; which takes us to the true handling of political economy, not just a simple economic policy.
Despite its importance, a question that is often sidestepped is the Maoist thesis of bureaucratic capitalism, especially by those who face democratic revolutions. This is the capitalism which is unfolding within the oppressed nations by imperialism along with varying degrees of underlying feudalism, or even pre-feudal stages. This is a vital problem, mainly in Asia, Africa and Latin America, since a good revolutionary leadership derives from its understanding, especially when the confiscation of bureaucratic capital forms the economic basis for carrying forward the socialist revolution as the second stage.
But the principal thing is that Chairman Mao Tse-tung has developed the political economy of socialism. Of the utmost importance is his criticism of socialist construction in the Soviet Union, as well as his theses on how to develop socialism in China: Taking agriculture as the base and industry as the leading economic force; industrialization guided by the relationship between heavy industry, light industry and agriculture, taking heavy industry as the center of economic construction and simultaneously paying full attention to light industry as well as agriculture. The Great Leap Forward and the conditions for its execution should be highlighted: One, the political line that gives it a just and correct course; two, small, medium, and large organic forms in a greater to lesser quantity, respectively; three, a great drive, a gigantic effort of the masses of people in order to put it in motion and to take it through to success; a leap forward whose results are valued more for the new process set in motion and its historical perspective than for its immediate achievements; and its linkage with agricultural collectivization and the people's communes. Finally, we must bear well in mind his teachings on the objectivity and the subjectivity in understanding and handling the laws of socialism, that the few decades of socialism have not allowed us to see its complete development, and therefore a better understanding of its laws and its specification, and principally the relationship that exists between revolution and the economic process, embodied in the slogan "grasp revolution and promote production." Despite its transcendental importance, this development of Marxist political economy has received scant attention.
In scientific socialism, Chairman Mao further developed the theory of classes analyzing them on economic, political, and ideological planes. He upheld revolutionary violence as a universal law without any exception whatsoever; revolution as a violent substitution of one class by another, thus establishing the great thesis that "political power grows out of the barrel of a gun." He resolved the question of the conquest of power in the oppressed nations through the road of surrounding the cities from the countryside, establishing its general laws. He defined and developed the theory of the class struggle within socialism in which he brilliantly demonstrated that the antagonistic struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, between the socialist road and the capitalist road, and between socialism and capitalism continues; that in socialism it was not concretely determined who would defeat whom, which was a problem whose solution demands time, the unfolding of a process of restoration and counter-restoration, in order for the proletariat to strongly grasp political power definitively through the proletarian dictatorship. Finally and principally, he defined the grandiose solution of historical transcendence, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution as the continuation of the socialist revolution under the proletarian dictatorship.
These basic questions, almost simply stated but known and undeniable, show the Chairman's development of the integral parts of Marxism, and the evident raising of Marxism-Leninism to a new, third and superior stage: Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, principally Maoism.
Continuing with this brief synthesis [visión sintética], let us look at other specific points which, although deriving from the above, should be considered even if only enumerated, to at least emphasize and draw due attention to them.
2. New Democracy. First, it is a development of the Marxist theory of the State, establishing three types of dictatorships: 1) Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, in the old bourgeois democracies like the United States, a type in which the dictatorships of the oppressed nations such as the Latin American ones can be assimilated; 2) proletarian dictatorships, like the ones in the Soviet Union or in China before the usurpation of power by the revisionists; and 3) New Democracy, as a joint dictatorship based on the worker-peasant alliance, led by the proletariat headed up by the Communist Party, which was formed in China in the course of its democratic revolution, and which is concretely expressed in Peru today through the People's Committees, in the Support Bases and in the People's Republic of New Democracy in formation. It is fundamental to highlight, within this development of the theory of the state, the key differentiation between a state system as a dictatorship of a class or classes that wield political power, which is principal, and a system of government, which is understood as an organization for the exercise of political power.
On the other hand, New Democracy, one of the extraordinary developments made by Chairman Mao, masterfully materializes for us the bourgeois revolution of a new type, which only the proletariat can lead. In synthesis, it is the democratic revolution within the new era of world proletarian revolution in which we are unfolding. The New Democratic Revolution implies a new economy, a new politics, and a new culture, obviously overthrowing the old order and raising up the new one through arms, the only way to transform the world.
Finally, it is important to highlight that New Democracy is a democratic revolution. Although it mainly fulfills the democratic tasks, it also advances some socialist tasks in a complementary way, so that the question of two stages, democratic and socialist, that correspond to countries like ours, is thoroughly solved by guaranteeing that once the democratic stage is concluded, its uninterrupted continuation as a socialist revolution will follow without any intermissions.
3. The three instruments. The question of the construction of the instruments of the revolution presents the Party with the problem of understanding the interrelationship between the Party, the army and the united front; and to understand and handle the interconnected construction of the three instruments in the midst of war or in the defense of the new State based on the power of the armed people, expresses a just and correct task of leadership. Their construction is guided by the principle that a just and correct ideological line decides everything, and it is upon this ideological-political basis that the organizational construction is simultaneously developed in the midst of the struggle between the proletarian line and the bourgeois line and within the storm of the class struggle, mainly in war, as the principal form of struggle whether current or potential struggle.
Regarding the Party, Chairman Mao starts from the necessity of the Communist Party of a new type, a party of the proletariat. Today, we would say a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Party: A party whose objective is to conquer power and to defend it, and therefore it is inextricably bound to people's war in order to initiate it, develop it or wage it to defend itself. A party sustained by the masses, be it through people's war itself that is a war of the masses, or by the united front that being a front of classes, is based on the broad masses. The Party develops and changes itself according to the stages of the revolution and the periods that these stages may have. The motor of its development is the contradiction which materializes in its heart as the two-line struggle, the proletarian line and the bourgeois or in general non-proletarian line, that in essence is mainly a struggle against revisionism. This leads to the decisive importance of ideology in the life of the party and to the development of rectification campaigns that serve the greater adjustment of all the systems of party organizations and the militants to the just and correct ideological and political lines, serving the predominance of the proletarian line and maintaining the Party leadership in its iron grip. The Party serves the establishment of political power for the proletariat as the leading class of the New Democracy, and principally for the establishment, strengthening and development of the proletarian dictatorship, and through cultural revolutions the conquest of the great, final goal: Communism. Because of this, the Party must lead everything in an all-around way.
The revolutionary army is of a new type. It is an army for the fulfillment of the political tasks that the Party establishes in accordance with the interests of the proletariat and the people. This characteristic is concretely expressed in three tasks: To combat, to produce in order to pose no parasitical burden, and to mobilize the masses. It is an army based on political construction starting from the proletariat's ideology, from Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (today), and from the general political line as well as the military one that the Party may establish. It is an army based on people and not on weapons, an army that surges from the masses, always linked to them, serving them wholeheartedly, which allows it to move among the people like fish in the water. Without a people's army the people have nothing, said Chairman Mao, at the same time teaching us the necessity of the Party's absolute leadership over the army and his great principle: The Party commands the gun, and the gun must never be allowed to command the Party. Besides having thoroughly established the principles and norms for the construction of the army of a new type, the Chairman himself called for preventing the use of the army for the restoration of capitalism by usurping the leadership through a counterrevolutionary coup d'etat and, developing Lenin's thesis on the people's militia, he carried out farther than anyone the general policy of arming the people, thus opening a breach and indicating the path towards the armed sea of masses that will lead us to the definite emancipation of the people and the proletariat.
It was Chairman Mao who for the first time developed a complete theory on
the united front and established its laws. A front of social
classes based on the worker-peasant alliance as a guarantee of the proletariat's
hegemony in the revolution, a front of classes led by the proletariat represented
by the Communist Party; in synthesis, a united front under the leadership
of the Communist Party, a united front for the people's war, for the revolution,
for the conquest of power benefitting the proletariat and the people. Thus,
concretely the united front is the grouping of the revolutionary forces against
the counterrevolutionary forces in order to unleash the struggle between
revolution and counterrevolution mainly through the armed people's war. The
united front, obviously, is not the same in every stage of the revolution
and, furthermore, it has its specifications according to the various historical
periods of each stage; likewise, the united front in a concrete revolution
does not equal the one on a world level, although both follow the same general
laws. Apart from this, it is important to highlight the relation between
the front and the State that Chairman Mao established when the war of resistance
against Japan was unfolding, expounding that the united front is a form of
joint dictatorship, a question that merits study, especially by those who
face democratic revolutions.
4. The People's War is the military theory of the international proletariat; in it are summarized, for the first time in a systematic and complete form, the theoretical and practical experience of the struggles, military actions, and wars waged by the proletariat, and the long experience of the people's armed struggle and especially of the peasant wars in China. It is with Chairman Mao that the class attains its military theory; nevertheless, there is much confusion and misunderstanding on this question. This confusion begins with how the people's war in China is seen. Generally, it is considered derisively and contemptuously as a simple guerrilla war; this denotes a lack of understanding that with Chairman Mao guerrilla warfare achieved a strategic character. Due to its essential fluidity, the development of guerrilla warfare is not understood as it exists, how it develops mobility, a mobile warfare, of positions, how it unfolds great plans of the strategic offensive and the seizure of small, mid-sized, and big cities, with millions of inhabitants, combining the attack from outside with the insurrection from within. Thus, in conclusion, the four periods of the Chinese revolution, and principally from the agrarian war until the people's war of liberation, considering the anti-Japanese war of resistance between both, shows the various aspects and complexities of the revolutionary war waged during more than twenty years amidst a huge population and an immense mobilization and participation of the masses. In that war there are examples of every kind; and what is principal has been extraordinarily studied and its principles, laws, strategy, tactics, rules, etc. masterfully established. It is, therefore, in this fabulous crucible and on what was established by Marxism-Leninism that Chairman Mao developed the military theory of the proletariat: People's war.
We must fully bear in mind that subsequently, Chairman Mao himself, aware of the existence of atomic bombs and missiles and with China possessing them, sustained and developed people's war in order to wage it under the new conditions of atomic weapons and of war against powers and super-powers. In synthesis, people's war is the weapon of the proletariat and of the people, even to confront atomic wars.
A key and decisive question is the understanding of the universal validity of people's war and its subsequent application taking into account the different types of revolution and the specific conditions of each revolution. It will serve to clarify this key question to consider that no insurrections like that of Petrograd, the anti-fascist resistance, or the European guerrilla movements in the Second World War have been repeated, as well as the armed struggles that are presently being waged in Europe; and to see that in the final analysis, the October Revolution was not only an insurrection but a revolutionary war that lasted for several years. Consequently, in the imperialist countries the revolution can only be conceived as a revolutionary war that today is simply people's war.
Finally, today more than ever, we Communists and revolutionaries, the proletariat and the people, need to forge ourselves in: "Yes. We are party to the theory of the omnipotence of revolutionary war. That it is not bad thing; it is good thing. It is Marxist"; which means adhering to the invincibility of people's war.
5. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in a historical perspective is the most transcendental aspect of Chairman Mao's development of Marxism-Leninism; it is the solution to the great pending problem of the continuation of the revolution under the proletarian dictatorship: "[It] constitutes a new stage in the development of the socialist revolution in our country, a deeper and more extensive stage."
What situation presented itself? As stated in the Decision of the Communist Party of China on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: "Although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown, it is still trying to use the old ideas, culture, customs and habits of the exploiting classes to corrupt the masses, capture their minds and endeavour to stage a come-back. The proletariat must do just the opposite: it must meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the ideological field and use the new ideas, culture, customs and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole of society. At present, our objective is to struggle against and crush those persons in authority who are taking the capitalist road, to criticize and repudiate the reactionary bourgeois academic 'authorities' and the ideology of the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes and to transform education, art and literature and all other parts of the superstructure that do not correspond to the socialist economic base, so as to facilitate the consolidation and development of the socialist system." [The Resolutions of the Eleventh Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, August 1966]
It was in these conditions that the most Earth-shaking political process and the greatest mass mobilization the world has ever seen broke out, and whose objectives were thus defined by Chairman Mao: "The present GPCR is completely necessary and very timely to consolidate the proletarian dictatorship, to prevent the restoration of capitalism, and to build socialism."
Furthermore, we also emphasize two questions: 1) The GPCR implies a landmark in the development of the proletarian dictatorship towards the proletariat's securing political power, concretely expressed in the Revolutionary Committees; and 2) The restoration of capitalism in China after the 1976 counter-revolutionary coup is not a negation of the GPCR but is plainly part of the contention between restoration and counter-restoration, and, on the contrary, it shows us the transcendental historical importance of the GPCR in the inexorable march of mankind towards Communism.
6. World Revolution. Chairman Mao reemphasized the importance of the world revolution as a unity, starting from the position that revolution is the main trend since the decomposition of imperialism is greater each day, and the role played by the masses grows more immense each year, masses that make and shall make their transforming and unstoppable strength be felt, and he reiterated the great truth: Either we all reach Communism or no one does. Within this perspective he specifies in the era of imperialism the great historical moment of the "next 50 to 100 years", and within this context the opening period of struggle against Yankee imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism, paper tigers that contend for hegemony and threaten the world with an atomic war, in the face of which, first we must condemn it, and second, we must prepare ourselves beforehand in order to oppose it with people's war and make the revolution. On the other hand, starting from the historical importance of the oppressed nations and, furthermore, from their perspective both in the economic and political relationships that are evolving due to the process of decomposition of imperialism, Chairman Mao stated his thesis that "three worlds delineate themselves". All of which leads to the necessity of developing the strategy and tactics of world revolution. Regrettably, we know little or almost nothing about Chairman Mao's writings and statements on these transcendental questions; nevertheless, the very little that is known shows the grand perspectives which he watched closely and the great outlines that we must follow in order to understand and serve the proletarian world revolution.
7. Superstructure, ideology, culture, and education. These and other related questions have been subtly and profoundly studied by Chairman Mao. For that reason, this is also another basic question that merits attention.
In conclusion, the contents seen in these fundamental questions show clearly to whoever wants to see and understand that we have, therefore, a new, third, and superior stage of Marxism: Maoism; and that to be a Marxist today demands being a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist and principally Maoist.
All that has been explained in the contents leads us to two questions:
What is fundamental in Maoism? Power is fundamental in Maoism. Power for the proletariat, power for the dictatorship of the proletariat, power based on an armed force led by the Communist Party. More explicitly: 1) power under the leadership of the proletariat in the democratic revolution; 2) power for the dictatorship of the proletariat in the socialist and cultural revolutions; 3) power based on an armed force led by the Communist Party, conquered and defended through people's war.
And, what is Maoism? Maoism is the elevation of Marxism-Leninism to a new, third, and superior stage in the struggle for proletarian leadership of the democratic revolution, the development of the construction of socialism and the continuation of the revolution under the proletarian dictatorship as a proletarian cultural revolution; when imperialism deepens its decomposition and revolution has become the main tendency of history, amidst the most complex and largest wars seen to date and the implacable struggle against modern revisionism.
On the STRUGGLE AROUND MAOISM. Briefly, the struggle in China for establishing Mao Tse-tung Thought began in 1935 at the Tsunyi Meeting, when Chairman Mao assumed the leadership of the Communist Party of China. In 1945 the VII Congress agreed that the CPC was guided by Marxism-Leninism ant the ideas of Mao Tse-tung, a specification suppressed by the VIII Congress, since a rightist line prevailed in it. The IX Congress in 1969 resumed the GPCR and ratified that the CPC is guided by Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought; that was as far as it advanced.
On an international level, it acquired influence from the 1950s onwards; but it is with the GPCR that it spread intensely and its prestige rose powerfully and Chairman Mao was acknowledged as the Great Leader of the world revolution and originator of a new stage in Marxism-Leninism; thus, a great number of Communist Parties assumed the denomination of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought. On the world level, Maoism confronted modern revisionism openly unmasking it profoundly and forcefully, and likewise it did so in the CPC's own ranks, all of which raised the Chairman's great red banner still more: The new, third, and superior stage of the ideology of the international proletariat. At present [1988--Trans.], Maoism confronts the triple attack of Soviet, Chinese and Albanian revisionism. But furthermore, even among those who acknowledge the Chairman's great contributions, including the development of Marxism, there are some who believe that we are still in the stage of Marxism-Leninism, and others who only accept Mao Tse-tung Thought but by no means Maoism.
In this country, obviously, the revisionists who follow the baton of their diverse masters, Gorbachev, Teng, Alia or Castro furiously attack and keep attacking Maoism; among them one must condemn, unmask and implacably combat Del Prado's crusty revisionism and his gang, the so called "Peruvian Communist Party"; the crawling deviousness of the self-proclaimed "Communist Party of Peru, Patria Roja" who, after building themselves up as "great Maoists" became Teng's servants, after having condemned him when he was defenestrated in 1976, as well as the anti-Maoism of the so-called "Izquierda Unida" (United Left), in whose heart swarmed all the revisionist and even anti-Marxist positions passed off by false Marxists and opportunists of many kinds. We must holdup Maoism as a revealing mirror for revisionists in order to combat them implacably, working for the development of the People's War and the triumph of the democratic revolution underway, which is an unavoidable and unrenounceable task of a strategic character.
The Communist Party of Peru, through the fraction led by Chairman Gonzalo
that propelled its reconstitution, took up Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung
Thought in 1966; in 1979 the slogan "Uphold, defend, and apply
Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought!"; in 1981: "Towards Maoism!"; and,
in 1982, took Maoism as an integral part and superior development of the
ideology of the international proletariat: Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. It is
with the People's War that we have understood more deeply what Maoism implies
and we have taken up the solemn pledge to "Uphold, defend, and apply
Marxism-Leninism- Maoism, principally Maoism!" and to struggle relentlessly
in helping to place it as command and guide of the world revolution, the
sole red and unfading banner that is the guarantee of triumph for the
proletariat, the oppressed nations, and peoples of the world in their inexorable,
combative march of iron legions towards the golden and always brilliant
Communism.
II. CONCERNING GONZALO THOUGHT
All revolutions, in their process of development, through the struggle of the proletariat as the leading class and, above all, the struggle of the Communist Party that raises their unrenounceable class interests, generate a group of leaders and principally one who represents and leads it, a Great Leader with acknowledged authority and rising influence. In our reality this has materialized, on account of historical necessity and causality, in Chairman Gonzalo, Great Leader of the Party and of the revolution.
Moreover, and this is the basis upon which all Great Leadership is formed, revolutions give rise to a thought that guides them, the result of the application of the universal truth of the ideology of the international proletariat to the concrete conditions of each revolution; a guiding thought indispensable to reach victory and to conquer political power and, moreover, to continue the revolution and to maintain the course always towards the only, great goal: Communism; a guiding thought that, arriving at a qualitative leap of decisive importance for the revolutionary process which it leads, becomes identified with the name of the one who shaped it theoretically and practically. In our situation, this phenomenon specified itself first as guiding thought, then as Chairman Gonzalo's guiding thought, and later, as Gonzalo Thought; because it is the Chairman who, creatively applying Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to the concrete conditions of Peruvian reality, has generated it; thus endowing the Party and the revolution with an indispensable weapon that is the guarantee of victory.
Gonzalo Thought has been forged through long years of intense, tenacious, and incessant struggle to uphold, defend and apply Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, to retake Mariátegui's path and to develop it, to reconstitute the Party and principally to initiate, maintain and develop the People's War in Peru serving the world revolution, and that Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, principally Maoism, become in theory and practice its sole command and guide.
It is of substantive necessity for the Party to study Gonzalo Thought for a more just and correct understanding of the general political line, and principally of the military line, aiming at deepening the understanding of the particularities of the Peruvian revolution, what is specific and particular that Chairman Gonzalo has masterfully emphasized. In this way we serve "the great plan to develop Support Bases", the development of the People's War and the perspective of conquering political power countrywide.
We must study Gonzalo Thought, starting from the historical context that generated it; examine the ideological base which sustains it; precisely specify its content, more substantially expressed in the general political line and in the military line that is its center; aiming at what is fundamental within it, the problem of power, of the seizure of power here in Peru, which is inextricably linked to the conquest of power by the proletariat in the whole world; and we must pay close attention to its forging in the two-line struggle.
In synthesis, these fundamental questions can be dealt with by applying the following outline:
1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT.
International context. In relationship to historical events: 1) the development since the Second World War onwards; 2) the powerful national liberation movement and, within it, the process and triumph of the Chinese Revolution; 3) the Cuban Revolution and its repercussion on Latin America; 4) the great struggle between Marxism and revisionism; 5) the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. But the key point is to see how, in this great class struggle on the world level, Gonzalo Thought considers that a third stage of the proletarian ideology arises: First, as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Tse-tung Thought; then Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought; and later, it is defined as Maoism, understanding its universal validity; and in this way reaching Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, principally Maoism, as the current expression of Marxism.
National context. 1) the postwar Peruvian society and within it the political struggle, the so-called National Democratic Front, the action of APRA, Odría's coup d'etat and the struggle against his Eight Year Rule, the contention between APRA followers and Communists; and particularly, the development of bureaucratic capitalism in the 1960s and part of the 1970s and the sharp class struggle that accompanied it; "Velasquism" and its so-called revolution, the contention and collusion between the comprador bourgeoisie and the bureaucratic bourgeoisie (factions of the big bourgeoisie), and with opportunism and principally revisionism as supporters; 2) the class struggle in the peasant movement; 3) the process of the working class movement; 4) the intellectual movement; 5) the armed struggle in the country, especially by the MIR [Movement of the Revolutionary Left] and the ELN [National Liberation Army] in 1965, as well as their antecedents in Blanco, Vallejos, and Heraud; and 6) the problem of the Party: How a Party founded on a clear Marxist-Leninist basis degenerated into a revisionist party, the necessity to retake Mariátegui's path, develop it, and to reconstitute the Party, the Communist Party of Peru that Mariátegui himself founded in 1928, and how through this reconstitution a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Party was built. Here it is fundamental how Gonzalo Thought profoundly understood Peruvian society, and focusing on the crucial problem of bureaucratic capitalism, saw the necessity to reconstitute the Party and to conquer power and defend it with people's war.
2. IDEOLOGICAL BASIS.
Without Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, Gonzalo Thought cannot be conceived, because the latter is the creative application of the former to our reality. The key question on this point lies in the understanding of the historical process of the development of the proletarian ideology, of its three stages shaped into Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and with Maoism as principal; and, essentially, it is the application of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism as a universal truth to the concrete conditions of the Peruvian revolution; hence Gonzalo Thought is specifically principal for the Communist Party of Peru and the revolution it leads.
The guiding thought, having reached a qualitative leap of decisive importance for the Party and the revolution, has evolved into Gonzalo Thought, thus stamping a milestone in the Party's life.
3. CONTENTS.
a. Theory. How it understands and applies the three integral parts of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, mainly Maoism; emphasizing the importance that Marxism gives to philosophy, the necessity of forming ourselves within it, and especially its application of the law of contradiction in the study of every problem, always aiming at defining the principal aspect and the process of things; in political economy, the concern about the relations of exploitation, and most especially about bureaucratic capitalism, orienting itself towards the ripening of the revolution and the repercussion of the People's War on the base, as well as paying attention to the economic relations of imperialism, looking for their political consequences; in scientific socialism it centers on the People's War and its concretization in the country, since it always has the problem of power in mind and, particularly, its formation and development as a New State.
b. On the contents. The most substantive and developed part of Gonzalo Thought is found in the Party's general political line; this Thought directly sustains, therefore, the line and its five elements, with the point of departure of this being how it understands and maintains the course of the Programme.
c. In Gonzalo Thought we must highlight the notable fulfillment of the demands stated by Chairman Mao: theoretical solidity, an understanding of history, and a good practical handling of politics.
4. WHAT IS FUNDAMENTAL
What is fundamental in Gonzalo Thought is the question of power; concretely, the conquest of political power in Peru, wholly and completely throughout the country, as a consequential application of the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to our revolution. But being a Communist thought, it understands the conquest of political power in Peru as a part of the conquest of power for the proletariat on a world level; and that the conquest of power in the country, shaping itself today in the People's Committees, Support Bases, and the People's Republic of New Democracy in formation within the perspective of establishing the People's Republic of Peru, serves to establish the dictatorship of the proletariat in our country, because without it, it is impossible to march towards Communism. And all of this as a function of firmly and decisively serving the setting up of people's republics and principally the dictatorship of the proletariat throughout the whole world, under the leadership of Communist Parties, with revolutionary armies of a new type, through people's war and the development of cultural revolutions, so that Communism may illuminate all of the Earth.
5. FORGED IN THE TWO-LINE STRUGGLE
It is through a persistent, firm, and sagacious two-line struggle, defending the proletarian line and defeating the opposing lines that Gonzalo Thought has been forged. Among the most outstanding struggles that deserve to be emphasized are those waged against modern revisionism, represented here by Del Prado and his henchmen; those against the Right liquidationism of Paredes and his gang; those against Left liquidationism headed by the one who was called Sergio and his self-proclaimed "Bolsheviks"; and against the Right opportunist line that opposed the initiation of the armed struggle. Without struggle, Gonzalo Thought could not have been developed; and its remarkable handling of the two-line struggle within the Party is a fundamental question which we must study and learn.
To study and principally to apply Gonzalo Thought is decisive in order to
better serve the Party, the development of the People's War and the world
proletarian revolution. Likewise, to learn from Chairman Gonzalo is decisive
in order to wholeheartedly serve the people.
III. PROGRAMME AND STATUTES
PROGRAMME
The Communist Party of Peru is based on and guided by Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, principally Maoism and, specifically, by Gonzalo Thought as a creative application of the universal truth to the concrete conditions of the Peruvian revolution, made by Chairman Gonzalo, Great Leader of our Party.
The Communist Party of Peru, organized vanguard of the Peruvian proletariat that is an integral part of the international Proletariat, especially upholds the following basic principles:
Contradiction as the only fundamental law of the incessant transformation of eternal matter;The masses make history and "it is right to rebel";
Class struggle, dictatorship of the proletariat and proletarian internationalism;
The necessity for a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Communist Party that firmly applies independence, autonomy and self-reliance;
To combat imperialism, revisionism, and reaction unbreakably and implacably;
To conquer and to defend power with people's war;
Militarization of the Party and the concentric construction of the three instruments of the revolution;
Two-line struggle as the driving force of Party development;
Constant ideological transformation and to always put politics in command;
To serve the people and the world proletarian revolution; and,
Absolute unselfishness and a just and correct style of work.
The Communist Party of Peru has Communism as its final goal; given that the current Peruvian society is oppressed and exploited by imperialism, bureaucratic capitalism, and semi-feudalism, the revolution has first a democratic stage, then a second socialist one in order to later develop successive cultural revolutions. Presently with the People's War the Party develops the democratic revolution, having as its immediate goal to conquer power countrywide. Because of this we raise the following objectives:
GENERAL PROGRAMME OF THE DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION
1. Demolition of the Peruvian State, the dictatorship of the exploiters led by the big bourgeoisie, and of the armed forces and forces of repression that sustain it and of all its bureaucratic apparatus.2. To sweep away imperialist oppression, principally Yankee, and that of Soviet social-imperialism and of any power or imperialist country. In general to confiscate their monopolies, companies, banks and all forms of their property including the external debt.
3. To destroy bureaucratic capitalism, private [particular] as well as state owned; to confiscate all their properties, goods and economic rights to benefit the new state, similarly with those belonging to imperialism.
4. Liquidation of semi-feudal property and everything subsisting on it, confiscating it to hand over land to the peasantry, principally the poor peasantry, applying the principle of "land to the tiller."
5. Respect the property and rights of the national bourgeoisie, or middle bourgeoisie, in the countryside as well as in the city.
6. Fight for the setting-up of the People's Republic of Peru, as a united front of classes based on the worker-peasant alliance led by the proletariat headed by its Communist Party; as formation of the new democracy that carries forward a new economy, a new politics, and a new culture.
7. Develop the People's War that, through a revolutionary army of a new type under the absolute control of the Party, destroys the old power a piece at a time, mainly their armed forces and other repressive forces. This serves to build the new power for the proletariat and the people.
8. To complete the formation of the Peruvian nation, truly unifying the country to defend it from all reactionary and imperialist aggression, safeguarding the rights of the minorities.
9. To serve the development of the Peruvian proletariat as part of the international working class, and the formation and strengthening of real Communist Parties and their unification in a revived international Communist movement guided by Marxism-Leninism-Maoism; all of this so that the proletariat can fulfil its great historical mission as the final class.
10. To defend the freedoms, rights, benefits, and conquests that the working class and the masses have achieved at the cost of their own blood, recognizing them and guaranteeing their authentic enforcement in a "Declaration of the Rights of the People". To respect, particularly, the freedom of religious conscience, but in its widest sense, of believing as not to believe. Also to combat all arrangements harmful to the people's interests, especially any form of unpaid work or personal burden and the backbreaking taxes imposed on the masses.
11. Real equality for women; a better future for the youth; protection for the mothers and the children; respect and support for the elderly.
12. A new culture as a combat weapon to solidify the nation, that serves the masses of people and is guided by the scientific ideology of the proletariat. Give special importance to education.
13. Support the struggles of the international proletariat, of the oppressed nations, and of the peoples of the world; fighting against the superpowers, the United States and Soviet Union, imperialism in general, and international reaction and revisionism of all types, conceiving the Peruvian revolution as part of the world proletarian revolution.
14. To struggle tenaciously and heroically for the total and complete victory and of the democratic revolution countrywide and after completing this stage, at once, without any pause, to cross over to the socialist revolution so that, together with the international proletariat, the oppressed nations and the peoples of the world, through cultural revolutions, shall continue the march of humanity towards its final goal, Communism.
But considering that the democratic revolution in the country crosses a period
characterized by:
1) a deepening of the general crisis of Peruvian society, mainly of bureaucratic capitalism;2) a greater reactionarization of the State, today with a fascist and corporativist Aprista government, headed by the genocidal García Pérez;
3) the sharpening of the class struggle, with the masses assuming more and more the need to combat and resist;
4) the People's War developing vigorously and growing; and,
5) the people's need for a People's Republic built according to the principles of New Democracy.
We must apply a concrete programme for this period, with the following specific
objectives:
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Central Committee
Communist Party of Peru
Peru, 1988